Al-Ghazali (505H)

Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī al-Ṭūsī (450–505 AH)

A prominent Persian scholar of fiqh, theology, and spirituality. In his early life, he deeply engaged with philosophy but later refuted its foundations in his famous work Tahāfut al-Falāsifah (The Incoherence of the Philosophers). He is best known for Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn, a revivalist text that harmonizes Islamic knowledge with spiritual depth. His turn from philosophical speculation to orthodox Sunni creed left a lasting impact on Islamic intellectual tradition.